Structure in C Language

A Structure is a collection of variable of different data type under a single structure name.

• Every Structure member takes different memory space.
• The variable are called member of the structure.
• The Structure are called user defined data type.

Syntax of Structure

 struct struct_name
{
 data_type member_variable1;
 data_type member_variable2;
………………………………………..
 data_type member_variableN;

} s1; //global structure variable declaration….

OR

 struct structure_name structure variable;  // local structure variable declaration

Create a Structure

 struct abc
{
 int roll_no;
 float marks;
 char name;
} s1;          //global structure variable declaration

OR

 struct abc s1;  // local structure variable declaration
 struct abc s1,s2,s3; //Multi Structure variable declaration 

Initialization of a Structure

Syntax:

 struct structure_name structure_variable={value1, value2,…., valueN};

There is a one to one correspondence between the members and their initializing values.

 OR

 struct structure_name structure_variable;

 structure_variable.member_variable;

Example:

Initialization a Structure

//Structure is Created 
struct abc
{
 int roll_no;
 float marks;
 char name;
};

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 s1={1,80,’a’};
}

OR

 // Initialization a Structure 

 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members”);
scanf(%d%f%c”,&s1.roll_no,&s1.marks,s1.name);
}

Partial Initialization of Structure

We can initialize the first few members and leave the remaining blank.
However, the uninitialized members should be only at the end of the list.
The uninitialized members are assigned default values as follow:
-Zero for integer and floating point numbers.
-’\0’ for characters and strings.

Example:
Initialization a Structure

//Structure is Created 

struct abc
{
 int roll_no;
 float marks;
 char name;
};

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 s1={1,80};
}

OR

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members”);
scanf(%d%f%c”,&s1.roll_no);
}

Accessing of Structure

Syntax :

 structure_variable_name.structure_member_name

• By using dot (.) operator or period operator or member operator.
• Here, structure_variable_name refers to the name of a struct type variable and structure_member_name refers to the name of a member within the structure.

Example:
Accessing  Structure Members

//Structure is Created 
struct abc
{
 int roll_no;
 float marks;
 char name;
};

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 s1={1,80,’a’};
 // Accessing structure member
printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members are %d,%f and %c”, s1.roll_no,s1.marks,s1.name);
 getch();
}

OR

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 s1={1,80,’a’};

 // Accessing structure member
printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members are %d,%f and %c”, s1.roll_no,s1.marks,s1.name);
 getch();
}

 // Initialization a Structure 
 void main()
{
 struct abc s1;
 printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members”);
 scanf(%d%f%c”,&s1.roll_no,&s1.marks,s1.name);

 // Accessing structure member
 printf(“Enter the Value of Structure members are %d,%f and %c”, s1.roll_no,s1.marks,s1.name);
 getch();
}

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